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Francis W. Parker, 1837-1902 Born October 9th, 1837 in New Hampshire, Died March 2nd 1902 in Illinois · Started teaching at age 16, became principal within 5 years despite his lack of education. · His mother was a teacher and also had her own way of teaching. · He served in the civil War as a Colonel.  · Married Frances Stuart also a teacher in 1882. · They opened their home as a “social center” for teachers and would have gatherings there every Sunday night. · Wanted to improve school for the children in America. · Emphasized learning by doing. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">John Dewey named him the, “Father of Progressive education” others referred to Dewey as the “Philosopher of Progressive Education” <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Also known as “Teacher of Teachers” and “Childrens Crusader” <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Parker experimented with different teaching methods and eventually studied in Germany in attempt to change the rigid structure of American schools. Just like Horace Mann. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">When first returned form Europe (1875) he was the superintendant in Quincy Massachusetts and launched the first large scale pedagogical transformation of the common schools. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Established the Chicago Institute in 1899 (a private normal school in Chicago). <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">It later became associated with the University of Chicago when Parker became the first director of the School of Education at the University. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">In cooperation with Philosopher John Dewey, and Anita McCormick Blaine (1.5 million in funding), Parker opened a progressive, lab day school in 1901. It served children from 6-18 years old. His ideas were isolated from the city of Chicago so they did not support him, instead, isolated him. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Transformed primary and elementary schools and teacher training. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Today it is the earliest, and longest sustained progressive school experiment in America. <span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">He incorporated the University of Chicago every Friday students from the normal school would take the classes on excursions. (field trips) <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Today there are lab schools throughout the country named after him that follow his progressive approach to education. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Colonel Francis Wayland Parker's philosophy of active learning made the Laboratory Schools an exciting place to learn and to teach. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">He insisted there was no “Parker method” but a set of principles that he went by: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">new definition of the child <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">broader definition of the school <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">transformed school goals and purposes <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">integrated courses of study <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msolist: Ignore;">o <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">innovative instructional methods <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Didn’t use textbooks or over emphasize subject matter. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">He wrote a book in 1894 that is called “Talks on Pedagogics” first to formulate foundations for a new education and about the emphasis on the child and his principles. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Created the “Doctorine of Concentration and Correlation” with the child as the center of the learning process. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Elevated the classroom teacher to a higher status by emphasizing teacher selection, and increased salaries. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">"He brought science, arts, and crafts into the curriculum and advocated pupil self-expression, socialized activity, and a humanized, informal instruction stressing children’s individuality. Children learned the alphabet by reading simple words, rather than by memorization; arithmetic by manipulating objects, rather than by dealing with abstractions; and geography by taking field trips."

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 * Francis Parker**. (2009). In //Encyclopædia Britannica//. Retrieved May 31, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: [|**http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444079/Francis-Parker**]